Oral hyperpigmentation in patients living with HIV: report of two clinical cases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i8.5103Keywords:
Manifestações Bucais, HIV, Linfócitos T CD4-PositivosAbstract
Introduction: Oral lesions are among the first clinical manifestations of HIV infection, and may also indicate their progression. Among them, oral hyperpigmentation is included, which can also come from the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications. Objective: To report two clinical cases of oral hyperpigmentation in patients living with HIV, one of them undergoing ART and the other without treatment. Case report: Case 1 - Male patient, 30 years old, ex-alcoholic, living with HIV, presented asymptomatic macule on the lower lip with evolution of five months. After clinical examination, ART was attributed as the cause of the injuries. Case 2 - Male patient, 55 years old, living with HIV, ex-smoker, diagnosed with tuberculosis, presented flat pigmentations on the cheek mucosa bilaterally, in addition to erythematous and pseudomembranous candidiasis on the hard palate and lingual dorsum, respectively. Incisional biopsy of the pigmented region was performed, confirming the diagnosis of melanic hyperpigmentation. The patient had not been on ART for 5 years. Conclusion: Oral changes in patients living with HIV may be due to immunosuppression itself or be associated with the use of antiretrovirals. It is essential that the dental surgeon knows them in order to be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of this infection or its progression, thus offering a correct and early diagnosis, as well as correct clinical conduct in these cases.
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