Characterization of Microorganisms Present in Oral and Oropharyngeal Surgery Patients Affected by Head and Neck Treated at a Dental Center Located in Agreste Pernambucano: Pilot Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v12i3.6009Keywords:
Antineoplastic Agents, Microbiota, Head and Neck NeoplasmsAbstract
Introduction: The oral and oropharyngeal cavities present a range of microorganisms that are in homeostasis with the host itself, however, antineoplastic therapy can trigger immunosuppression which leads to various changes in these individuals. Objective: To characterize the microorganisms of the oral mucosa and oropharynx of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing anticancer treatment treated at a Dental Center located in Agreste Pernambucano. Methods: A case-control study (17 individuals from the study group affected by HNSCC and 17 individuals from the control group) was carried out, in which microbiological sampling were collected through swabs on the mouth floor and oropharynx and after processed for microbial identification through phenotypic tests. The resistance profile analysis was performed following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Results: The isolates corresponded to the presence of the genus Candida in all patients, besides opportunistic pathogens, and Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus ssp., Enterococcus ssp. Were the most prevalent in the study group (67.64%). It was observed multiresistance of opportunistic pathogens to several classes of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, macrolides, and penicillins. Regarding the normal microbiota, Streptococcus viridans were the least prevalent in the study group, corresponding to 32.35%. Conclusion: The oral and oropharyngeal microbiome underwent significant changes in patients under antineoplastic treatment, that may increase the susceptibility to infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, limiting the therapeutic options.
Downloads
References
Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Estimativa 2020: Incidência de câncer no Brasil [Internet]. Rio de Janeiro: INCA; 2019
Freitas DA, Caballero AD, Pereira MM, Oliveira SKM, Silva GP, Hernández CIV. Sequelas bucais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço. Revista CEFAC. 2011;13(6):1103-08.
Rolim AEH, Costa LJ, Ramalho LMP. Repercussões da radioterapia na região orofacial e seu tratamento. Radiologia Brasileira. 2011;44(6):388-395.
Valdez JA, Brennan MT. Impact of Oral Cancer on Quality of Life. Dent Clin North Am. 2018; 62(1):143-54.
Jones DL, Rankin KV. Management of the oral sequelae of cancer therapy. Tex Dent J. 2012; 129(5):461-68.
Leal AO, Rolim JIA, Muniz IAF, Muniz IAF, Farias IAP. Study of salivary parameters'study of pregnant women. Odontol. Clín.-Cient. 2013;12(1):39-42.
Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, et al. Diagnóstico Microbiológico. Texto e Atlas Colorido. 6 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan. 2016;1760p.
Freire AR, Freire DEWG, Pucca Júnior GA, Carrer FCA, Sousa SA, Lucena EHG et al. Diagnosis of mucosal changes and hospitalized oral cancer patients in Brazil: influence of socioeconomic factors. Braz Oral Res. 2021;35:e042.
Pereira IF, Noronha VRAS, Naves MD, Amaral TMP, Santos VR. Neoplasias malignas em região de cabeça e pescoço: perfil dos pacientes atendidos na UFMG. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2016;53(4):233-44.
Silva FA, Roussenq SC, Tavares MGS, Souza CPF, Mozzini CB, Benetti M et al. Perfil Epidemiológico dos Pacientes com Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço em um Centro Oncológico no Sul do Brasil. Rev Bras Cancerol. 2020; 66(1):e-08455.
Avelar JMP, Namie OS, Nicolusset AC. Fadiga em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em tratamento radioterápico: estudo prospectivo. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2019;27: e3168.
Azimi S, Ghorbani Z, Ghasemi E, Tennant M, Kruger E. Does socioeconomic status influence oral cancer awareness? The role of public education. East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(12):1510-17.
Mishra GA, Shaikh HA, Pimple SA, Awasthi AA, Kulkarni VY. Determinants of Compliance to Population-Based Oral Cancer Screening Program among low Socioeconomic Women in Mumbai, India. Indian J Community Med. 2021;46(2):210-15.
Anjali K, Arun AB, Bastian TS, Parthiban R, Selvamani M, Adarsh H. Oral microbial profile in oral cancer patients before and after radiation therapy in a cancer care center - A prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2020;24(1):117-24.
Kermani F, Sadeghian M, Shokohi T, Hashemi S, Moslemi D, Davodian S et al. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from oral lesions in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Curr Med Mycol. 2021;7(1):44-50.
Gaetti-Jardim JE, Ciesielski FIN, Nunes de Sousa FR, Nwaokorie F, Schweitzer CM, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence of yeasts, pseudomonads and enteric bacteria in the oral cavity of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy. Braz J Microbiol. 2011;42(3):1047-55.
Souza FRN, Meca LB, Correia ASC, Schweitzer CM, Okamoto AC, Jardim Junior EG. Microrganismos oportunistas na boca de pacientes irradiados: avaliação de 12 meses pós-tratamento. Arch Health Invest. 2015;4(5):55-61.
Nomura R, Otsugu M, Hamada M, Matayoshi S, Teramoto N, Iwashita N, et al. Potential involvement of Streptococcus mutans possessing collagen binding protein Cnm in infective endocarditis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):19118.
Abranches J, Zeng L, Kajfasz JK, Palmer SR, Chakraborty B, Wen ZT, Richards VP, Brady LJ, Lemos JA. Biology of Oral Streptococci. Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Oct;6(5):10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018.
Almståhl A, Finizia C, Carlén A, Fagerberg-Mohlin B, Alstad T. Mucosal microflora in head and neck cancer patients. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16(4):459-66.
Subramaniam N, Muthukrishnan A. Oral mucositis and microbial colonization in oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy: A prospective analysis in a tertiary care dental hospital. J Investig Clin Dent. 2019;10(4):e12454.
Vidal-Casariego A, Fernández-Natal I, Calleja-Fernández A, Parras-Padilla T, Cano-Rodríguez I, Prieto-Alonso B, et al. Nutritional, microbiological, and therapeutic factors related to mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: a cohort study. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(3):1208‐13.
Panghal M, Kaushal V, Kadayan S, Yadav JP al. Incidence and risk factors for infection in oral cancer patients undergoing different treatments protocols. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:22.
O’Neill J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance.Government of the United Kingdom. 2016.
Bassetti M, Righi E. Development of novel antibacterial drugs to combat multiple resistant organisms. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2015;400(2):153-65.
Wright GD. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: enzymatic degradation and modification. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57(10):1451-70.
Neves PR, Mamizuka EM, Levy CE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente: um problema endêmico no Brasil. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2011; 47(4):409-420.
Bernardo BMC, Soares JLP, Silva ETS, Soares VGM, Lima CA, Maartins LR, et al. Pesquisa de bactérias gram-negativas multi-resistentes na cavidade oral de pacientes atendidos em clínicas dentárias. Saúde e Sociedade. 2022;2(1):331-49.
Giske CG, Monnet DL, Cars O, Carmeli Y; ReAct-Action on Antibiotic Resistance. Clinical and economic impact of common multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(3):813-21
Yangzom T, Kumar Singh TS. Study of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus species and evaluation of a rapid spot test for enterococci from Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim, India. J Lab Physicians. 2019;11(3):192-199.
Gales AC, Sader HS, Ribeiro J, Zoccoli C, Barth A, Pignatari A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria isolated in Brazilian hospitals participating in the SENTRY Program (2005-2008). Braz J Infect Dis. 2009;13(2):90-8.
Pan J, Zhao J, Jiang N. Oral cavity infection: an adverse effect after the treatment of oral cancer in aged individuals. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014;22(4):261-67.
Abidullah M, Bhosle S, Komire B, Sharma P, Swathi K, Karthik L. Investigation of Candidal Species among People Who Suffer from Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(Suppl 2):S1050-S1054.
