Matricaria chamomilla L: propriedades farmacológicas

Resumen

Introdução: A Matricaria chamomilla L., mais conhecida como camomila, vem sendo bastante utilizada na medicina popular devido suas consideráveis propriedades farmacológicas, como efeito anti-inflamatório, antioxidante, antimicrobiano e leve efeito sedativo. A camomila é muito utilizada sob a forma de infusões, com sabor agradável e aromático. Objetivo: Tendo em vista as várias finalidades e efeitos farmacológicos, objetivou-se neste trabalho realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca das propriedades farmacológicas da Matricaria chamomilla L. Metodologia: Essa busca foi realizada em artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Lilacs, PUBMED, BVS e monografias que atendiam aos requisitos do estudo em questão, no período de 2008 a 2018, revisando um total de 48 estudos. Discussão: Estudos demonstraram que a camomila é útil para tratamento da dor de estômago, síndrome do intestino irritável e insônia, além de possuir atividades bactericida e relaxante. A atividade antibacteriana dessa planta foi avaliada contra bactérias gram-negativas e os resultados comprovaram o efeito antibacteriano através dos principais componentes do óleo essencial, além dos flavonoides, ácidos fenólicos e ácidos graxos. Na Odontologia, sua efetividade é demonstrada através de sua ação benéfica contra gengivite, haja vista suas propriedades antimicrobianas e anti-inflamatórias. Conclusão: De acordo com a literatura, a Matricaria chamomilla L. apresenta efeitos antimicrobiano, antifúngico, antioxidante, anti-inflamatório e ansiolítico, os quais são explicados pelos componentes dos seus extratos, fazendo com que esta planta apresente grande importância clínica. Entretanto, mais estudos clínicos precisam ser realizados para enriquecer o conhecimento a respeito desta planta, de forma a ampliar o seu uso como medicamento fitoterápico.

Descritores: Fitoterapia; Plantas Medicinais; Farmacologia; Matricaria.

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