Condición Periodontal en Mujeres Embarazadas de Alto Riesgo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v11i1.5408Palabras clave:
Embarazo de Alto Riesgo, Periodontitis, EpidemiologíaResumen
Introducción: La salud bucal se relaciona con la salud sistémica de la gestante y del feto, enfatizando la importancia del abordaje de la salud bucal como problema de salud gestacional. Objetivo: Verificar la prevalencia de bolsa periodontal y analizar la relación de la condición con factores sociodemográficos, antecedentes médicos y perfil conductual en gestantes de alto riesgo. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico con 800 gestantes de alto riesgo. Las entrevistas se realizaron mediante un cuestionario estructurado para obtener datos sobre características sociodemográficas, antecedentes médicos y factores conductuales, y el examen periodontal mediante el Índice Periodontal Comunitario (IPC). Se estimó la odds ratio (OR) y el intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% para la relación entre la bolsa periodontal y las variables grupo de edad, tipo y área de residencia, color de piel, estado civil, educación, ingresos familiares, período gestacional , número de hijos, hipertensión arterial, hipertensión arterial gestacional, diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus gestacional, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Resultados: Del total de 800 gestantes examinadas, se observó que 216 (27%) presentaban bolsa periodontal. La condición se asoció con la edad (35-45 años: OR=2,488; IC=1,297-4,813 p=0,006), educación (≤7 años: OR=1,638; IC=1,017-2,638; p=0,042), ingresos familiares (≤ USD$ 400,00: OR=1,431; IC=1,004-2,041; p=0,048), diabetes (OR=2,508; IC=1,511-4,163; p=0,000) y tabaquismo (OR=2,211; IC=1,460-3,348; p=0,000). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de bolsa periodontal fue alta y los factores edad, baja escolaridad, bajos ingresos familiares, diabetes y tabaquismo se relacionan con mayores probabilidades de ocurrencia en gestantes de alto riesgo.
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