Prevalencia de Caries y Hábitos Alimentarios en Lactantes del Sudeste de Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v11i2.5572Palabras clave:
Odontología Pediátrica, Caries Dental, Conducta Alimentaria, Lactancia MaternaResumen
Introducción: En las últimas décadas, se ha dado un gran énfasis al cuidado dental temprano. La odontología para bebés ha ido ganando cada vez más espacio dentro de la odontología actual, para promover la reducción de la incidencia de la caries y la mejora de la conciencia colectiva, especialmente de los padres o tutores, en relación con el cuidado bucal, los hábitos de higiene y la dieta. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de caries en lactantes de 13 a 36 meses que acuden a una clínica odontológica pediátrica universitaria del sudeste de Brasil y correlacionar estos datos con sus hábitos alimentarios. Métodos: Los padres o tutores respondieron a un cuestionario semiestructurado que abordaba los hábitos alimentarios de estos lactantes y su exposición a alimentos con potencial cariogénico. Además, se evaluó el índice dmf-t y el riesgo de caries considerando el alfa de 0,05. Resultados: La media del índice dmf-t fue de 1,25. La mayoría de los bebés presentaron un riesgo elevado del 50% para el desarrollo de la enfermedad de la caries. La ingesta de alimentos con potencial protector de la caries dental estaba presente en la dieta del 93,3% de los lactantes. A pesar de ello, el 73,3% de los lactantes consumía alimentos con azúcar oculto y el 53,3% tomaba medicamentos en forma de jarabe o suspensión.Los resultados fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p = 0,017) entre los lactantes que recibieron lactancia materna y sus índices dmf-t. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los lactantes presentaban patrones dietéticos inadecuados, exposición exagerada a líquidos o alimentos con potencial cariogénico, evidenciado por el elevado índice dmf-t. Además, la lactancia materna se correlacionó con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar caries dental.
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