Factores de Riesgo Asociados al Desarrollo de Cáncer de Próstata: Revisión de la Literatura Brasileña
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v13i1.6316Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Próstata, Factores de Riesgo, BrasilResumen
Objetivo: Analizar estudios sobre factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de cáncer de próstata (CP) en Brasil. Material y Método: La búsqueda de estudios originales de casos y controles, transversales y de cohortes en los últimos 10 años se realizó en las bases de datos Google Scholar, LILACS, Medline y SciELO. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: "Neoplasias de Próstata"; "Factores de Riesgo" y "Brasil" y sus sinónimos. Al realizar la búsqueda, se encontraron un total de 3.454 estudios y, de ellos, se incluyeron 12 publicaciones que cumplían los criterios para la síntesis de esta revisión. Resultados: Los artículos seleccionados se originaron en las siguientes regiones de Brasil, la región Nordeste presentó seis estudios de los seleccionados, tres en el Sudeste, dos en el Sur y uno en el Centro-Oeste. El tamaño de la muestra varió entre 23 y 662 participantes. De los 12 artículos analizados, la mayoría fueron estudios descriptivos (N= 09), comparando posibles factores de riesgo en grupos de pacientes a partir de la identificación de factores de riesgo en estudios internacionales. Otros estudios de casos y controles (N= 03) aplicaron métodos estadísticos analíticos para identificar los factores de riesgo. Los antecedentes familiares, el tabaquismo, el sedentarismo, la ascendencia africana y el uso prolongado de medicamentos fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentemente identificados en los 12 estudios. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudios brasileños hasta la fecha son descriptivos y sólo hay unos pocos estudios de casos y controles.
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