Descontaminação de escovas dentárias: métodos e eficácia
Resumen
A associação da escovação dentária ao uso de fita/fio e raspador de língua é considerada o mais efetivo método de controle do biofilme, garantindo higiene e promoção de saúde bucal. Escovas dentárias são passíveis de se contaminarem no ambiente intra e extraoral, servindo como reservatório para vários microrganismos, importantes no desenvolvimento e/ou agravamento de patologias bucais e sistêmicas, tais como septicemias e alterações renais, respiratórios, cardiovasculares ou gastrointestinais. Aceita-se na atualidade que a desinfecção das escovas dentárias é uma etapa essencial na redução da contaminação em um mesmo organismo ou entre indivíduos diferentes. Isto se torna particularmente importante quando consideramos crianças, idosos, pacientes críticos em ambiente hospitalar, pacientes imunodeprimidos, submetidos a transplantes ou que sofreram quimioterapia. Realizou-se revisão da literatura obtendo-se artigos na íntegra a partir dos descritores escovação dentária, microbiota, contaminação, infecção, descontaminação e métodos, publicados até dezembro de 2014, em periódicos nas bases LiIlacs, Bireme e Medline. Utilizou-se roteiro sistematizado de coleta de dados para análise da amostra. Os resultados indicam que a) a literatura descreve amplamente os métodos para escovação dentária, mas os procedimentos para manutenção da limpeza de escovas de dentes têm recebido pouca atenção; b) métodos de sanitização têm sido propostos tais como exposição à luz ultravioleta e micro-ondas, comprimidos efervescentes, aerossóis e imersão em soluções desinfetantes. Concluiu-se que a Odontologia moderna enfatiza fortemente o estabelecimento de método de rotina para a descontaminação de escova dentária como maneira eficiente na prevenção da ocorrência de infecção cruzada ou da reinfecção de pacientes que usam escovas contaminadas.Descritores: Escovação Dentária; Microbiota; Contaminação; Infecção; Descontaminação; Métodos.
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