Descontaminação de escovas dentárias: métodos e eficácia

Autores/as

  • Maria Cristina Rosifini Alves Rezende
  • Maria Raquel Abdala Nascimento Egydio Lopes
  • Vanessa Mosca Gonçalves
  • Leticia Cabrera Capalbo
  • João Augusto Guedes de Oliveira
  • Renato Salviato Fajardo

Resumen

A associação da escovação dentária ao uso de fita/fio e raspador de língua é considerada o mais efetivo método de controle do biofilme, garantindo higiene e promoção de saúde bucal. Escovas dentárias são passíveis de se contaminarem no ambiente intra e extraoral, servindo como reservatório para vários microrganismos, importantes no desenvolvimento e/ou agravamento de patologias bucais e sistêmicas, tais como septicemias e alterações renais, respiratórios, cardiovasculares ou gastrointestinais. Aceita-se na atualidade que a desinfecção das escovas dentárias é uma etapa essencial na redução da contaminação em um mesmo organismo ou entre indivíduos diferentes. Isto se torna particularmente importante quando consideramos crianças, idosos, pacientes críticos em ambiente hospitalar, pacientes imunodeprimidos, submetidos a transplantes ou que sofreram quimioterapia. Realizou-se revisão da literatura obtendo-se artigos na íntegra a partir dos descritores escovação dentária, microbiota, contaminação, infecção, descontaminação e métodos, publicados até dezembro de 2014, em periódicos nas bases LiIlacs, Bireme e Medline. Utilizou-se roteiro sistematizado de coleta de dados para análise da amostra. Os resultados indicam que a) a literatura descreve amplamente os métodos para escovação dentária, mas os procedimentos para manutenção da limpeza de escovas de dentes têm recebido pouca atenção; b) métodos de sanitização têm sido propostos tais como exposição à luz ultravioleta e micro-ondas, comprimidos efervescentes, aerossóis e imersão em soluções desinfetantes. Concluiu-se que a Odontologia moderna enfatiza fortemente o estabelecimento de método de rotina para a descontaminação de escova dentária como maneira eficiente na prevenção da ocorrência de infecção cruzada ou da reinfecção de pacientes que usam escovas contaminadas.

Descritores: Escovação Dentária; Microbiota; Contaminação; Infecção; Descontaminação; Métodos.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Chandrdas D, Jayakumar HL, Chandra M, Katodia L, Sreedevi A Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of garlic, tea tree oil, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and ultraviolet sanitizing device in the decontamination of toothbrush. Indian J Dent. 2014;5(4):183–9.

Gujjari SK, Gujjari AK, Patel PV, and Shubhashini PV. Comparative evaluation of ultraviolet and microwave sanitization techniques for toothbrush decontamination. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2011;1(1):20–6.

Forrest JL, Miller SA. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: a summary of the Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Systematic Review. Part II. J Dent Hyg. 2004;78(2):349-54.

Cobb CM. Toothbrushes as a cause of repeated infections of the mouth. Boston Med & Surg J. 1920; 183(9):263-4.

Peker I, Akca G, Sarikir C, Alkurt MT, Celik I. Effectiveness of alternative methods for toothbrush disinfection: an in vitro study. Scientific World Journal.2014:726190. doi: 10.1155/2014/726190.

Spolidorio DM, Goto E, Negrini T de C, Spolidorio LC.Viability of Streptococcus mutans on transparent and opaque toothbrushes. J Dent Hyg.2003;77(2):114-7.

Quirynen M, De Soete M, Pauwels, M, Goossens K, Teughels W, van Eldere J, et al. Bacterial survival rate on tooth and interdental brushes in relation to the use of toothpaste. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28(12):1106-14.

Glass RT, Jensen HG. More on the contaminated toothbrush: the viral story. Quintessence Int. 1988;19(10):713-6.

Kozai K, Iwait T, Miura AK. Residual contamination of toothbrushes by microorganisms. J Dent Child. 1989;56:201-4.

Nelson-Filho P, Faria G, da Silva RA, Rossi MA, Ito IY. Evaluation of the contamination and disinfection methods of toothbrushes used by 24- to 48-month-old children. J Dent Child. 2006; 73(3): 152–8.

Efstratiou M, Papaioannou W, Nakou M, Ktenas E, Vrotsos IA, Panis V. Contamination of a toothbrush with antibacterial properties by oral microorganisms. J Dent. 2007; 35(4): 331-7.

Taji SS, Rogers AH. The microbial contamination of toothbrushes. A pilot study. Aust Dent J. 1998; 43(2):128-30.

Malmberg E, Birkhed D, Norvenius G, Norén JG, Dahlén G. Microorganisms on toothbrushes at day-care centers. Acta Odontol Scand. 1994; 52(2):93-8.

Nelson-Filho P, Pereira MSS, De Rossi A, da Silva RA, de Mesquita KS, de Queiroz AM, da Silva LA. Children's toothbrush contamination in day-care centers: how to solve this problem? Clin Oral Invest. 2014;18(8):1969–74

Nascimento AP, Watanabe E, Ito IY. Toothbrush contamination by Candida spp. and efficacy of mouthrinse spray for their disinfection. Mycopathologia. 2010;169(2):133-8.

Glass RT, Lare MM. Toothbrush contamination: a potential health risk? Quintessence Int 1986; 17(1):39-42.

Frazelle MR, Munro CL. Toothbrush contamination: a review of the literature. Nurs Res Pract. 2012: 420630. doi: 10.1155/2012/420630.

Kolenbrander PE, Palmer RJ Jr, Periasamy S Jakubovics NS. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell–cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010;8(7):471–80.

Quirynen M, De Soete M, Dierickx K, van

Steenberghe D. The intra-oral translocation of periodontopathogens jeopardises the outcome of periodontal therapy. A review of the literature. J Clin Periodontol.2001;28(6):499-507.

Dreeszen PH Biofilme A chave para compreender e controlar o crescimento bacterial em Sistemas de Água Potável Automatizados Segunda Edição por Paula H. Dreeszen – Junho 2003. Disponivel em http://grupohumma.com.br/web/biblioteca/biofilme.pdf. Acesso em: 20 nov. 2014.

Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(11):5721–32.

Xu X, He J, Xue J, Wang Y, Li K, Zhang K, et al. Oral cavity contains distinct niches with dynamic microbial communities. Environ Microbiol. 2015;17(3):699-710

Löe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965;36:177-87

Edman DC, Keene HJ, Shklair IL, Hoerman KC. Dental floss for implantation and sampling of Streptococcus mutans from approximal surfaces of human teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 1975;20(2):145-8.

Loesche WJ, Svanberg ML, Pape HR. Intraoral transmissions of Streptococcus mutans by a dental explorer. J Dent Res 1979;58(8):1765-70.

Christersson LA, Slots J, Zambon JJ, genco RJ. Transmission and colonization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis patients. J Periodontol. 1985;56(3):127-31.

Preus HR, Lassen J, Agss AM, Christersson L A. Prevention of transmission of resistant bacteria between periodontal sites during subgingival application of antibiotics. J Clin Periodontol.1993; 20(4):299–303.

Sconyers JR, Crawford JJ, Moriarty JD. Relationship of bacteremia to toothbrushing in patients with periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1973;87(3):616–22

Warren DP, Goldschmidt MC, Thompson MB, Adler-Storthz K, Keene HJ. The effects of toothpastes on the residual microbial contamination. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132(9):1241-5.

Nelson Filho P, Isper AR, Assed S, Faria G, Ito IY. Effect of triclosan dentifrice on toothbrush contamination. Pediatr Dent.2004;26(1):11-6.

American Dental Association – ADA. Positions and Statements. ADA statement on toothbrush care cleaning, storage, and replacement Council on Scientific Affairs. Disponível em: http://www.ada.org/en/publications/ada-news/2012-archive/ june/ council-on-scientific-affairs-updates-council-statements. Acesso em: 14 nov.2014.

Glass RT. Toothbrush Types and Retention of Microorganisms: How to choose a biologically sound toothbrush? J Okla Dent Assoc 1992;82(3):26-8.

Dayoub MB, Rusilko D, Gross A. Microbial contamination of toothbrushes. J Dent Res. 1977;56(6):706.

Meier S, Collier C, Scaletta MG, Stephens J, Kimbrough R, Kettering JD. An in vitro investigation of the efficacy of CPC for use in toothbrush decontamination. J Dent Hyg. 1996;70(4):161-5.

Caudry SD, Klitorinos A, Chan EC. Contamined toothbrushes and their disinfection. J Can Dent Assoc. 1995;61(6):511-6.

Kozai K, Iwai T, Miura K. Residual contamination of toothbrushes by microorganisms. ASDC J Dent Child. 1989; 56(3): 201-4.

Sogi SH , Subbareddy VV, Kiran SN. Contamination of toothbrush at different time intervals and effectiveness of various disinfecting solutions in reducing the contamination of toothbrush. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2002;20(3):81-5.

Richards D . How clean is your toothbrush? Evid Based Dent. 2012;13(4):111.

Balappanavar AY, Nagesh L, Ankola AV, Tangade PS, Kakodkar P, Varun S. Antimicrobial efficacy of various disinfecting solutions in reducing the contamination of the toothbrush a comparative study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009;7(2):137-45.

Sato S, Ito IY, Lara EH, Panzeri H, Albuquerque Junior RF, Pedrazzi V. Bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes and their descontamination with antimicrobial solutions. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12(2):99-103.

Boylan R , Li Y, Simeonova L, Sherwin G, Kreismann J, Craig RG, Ship JA, McCutcheon JA. Reduction in bacterial contamination of toothbrushes using the Violight ultraviolet light activated toothbrush sanitizer. Am J Dent. 2008;21(5):313-7.

Peker I, Akca G, Sarikir C, Alkurt MT, Celik I. Effectiveness of alternative methods for toothbrush disinfection: an in vitro study. Scientific World Journal.2014:726190. doi: 10.1155/2014/726190.

Hamal JD, Hensley DM, Maller SC, Palazzolo DJ, Vandewalle KS. An in vitro comparison of antimicrobial toothbrushes. Gen Demt. 2014;62(6):e24-7.

Turner LA, McCombs GB, Hynes WL, Tolle SL. A novel approach to controlling bacterial contamination on toothbrushes: chlorhexidine coating. Int J Dent Hyg. 2009;7(4):241–5

Nelson Filho P, Macari S, Faria G, Assed S, Ito IY. Microbial contamination of toothbrushes and their decontamination. Pediatr Dent. 2000;22(5):381-4.

Nascimento C, Sorgini MB, Pita MS, Fernandes FHCN, Calefi PL, Watanabe E, Pedrazzi V. Effectiveness of three antimicrobial mouthrinses on the disinfection of toothbrushes stored in closed containers: a randomized clinical investigation by dna checkerboard and culture. Gerodontology 2014; 31(3): 227–36.

Mobin M, Borba C de M, Filho CA, Tapety FI, Noleto Ide M, Teles JB. Analysis of fungal contamination and disinfection of toothbrush. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2011;24(1):86-91.

Bélanger-Giguère K , Giguère S, Bélanger M. Disinfection of toothbrushes contaminated with Streptococcus mutans. Am J Dent. 2011;24(3):155-8.

Komiyama EY, Back-Brito GN, Balducci I, Koga-Ito CY. Evaluation of alternative methods for the disinfection of toothbrushes. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(1):28-33.

Quirynen M, De Soete M, Pauwels M, Gizani S, Van Meerbeek B, van Steenberghe D. Can toothpaste or a toothbrush with antibacterial tufts prevent toothbrush contamination? J Periodontol. 2003;74(3):312–22.

Mehta A, Sequeira PS, Bhat G. Bacterial contamination and decontamination of toothbrushes after use. N Y State Dent J. 2007;73(3):20-2.

Gujjari SK, Gujjari AK, Patel PV, and Shubhashini PV. Comparative evaluation of ultraviolet and microwave sanitization techniques for toothbrush decontamination. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2011;1(1): 20–6.

Ayşegül O, Elgin I, EGulcin A, Nedim S. The efficacy of chlorhexidine spray vs mouthwash in the microbial contamination of child toothbrushes. J Dent Child. 2007 ;74(3):177-81.

Yokosuka N, Tanaka T, Ebisudani K, Iwai T. Studies of bacterial contamination of chlorhexidine coated filaments of the toothbrush. Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi. 1989 ;31(3):960-9.

Suido H, Offenbacher S, Arnold RR. A clinical study of bacterial contamination of chlorhexidine-coated filaments of an interdental brush. J Clin Dent.1998;9(4):105-9.

Alves Rezende MCR, Lorenzato F. Avaliação dos procedimentos de prevenção dos riscos biológicos por cirurgiões-dentistas. Rev Assoc Paul Cir Dent 2000; 54:5-10.

Ankola AV, Hebbal M, Eshwar S. How clean is the toothbrush that cleans your tooth? Int J Dent Hyg. 2009;7(4):237–40

Publicado

2015-07-04

Cómo citar

Alves Rezende, M. C. R., Lopes, M. R. A. N. E., Gonçalves, V. M., Capalbo, L. C., Oliveira, J. A. G. de, & Fajardo, R. S. (2015). Descontaminação de escovas dentárias: métodos e eficácia. ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION, 4(1). Recuperado a partir de https://archhealthinvestigation.emnuvens.com.br/ArcHI/article/view/882

Número

Sección

Artigos