Evaluation of Oral Health and Microbiological Analysis of Patients in an Intensive Care Unit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v11i5.5657Keywords:
Cross Infection, Oral Hygiene, Intensive Care UnitsAbstract
Introduction: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are more susceptible to the development of nosocomial infections, which can originate from infectious foci present in the oral cavity or due to the lack of adequate hygiene. Objective: Evaluate the oral condition and relate it to changes in the microbiota during the stay of patients in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Methods: This is an experimental quantitative study. Sixty-four patients were evaluated regarding oral hygiene status, clinical data and microbiological collections performed at three different times: C1, C2 and C3, corresponding to 24, 72 and 168 hours after admission. The collected material was submitted to seven microbiological tests to identify the microorganisms present. Results: Clinical examination showed a high simplified oral hygiene index at all times, 25% with active caries, 17% with residual roots and 11% with other foci of infection. More than 50% showed some degree of mucosal dryness in C1 and in later collections it remained or increased. As for the microbiological examination, 25 distinct colonies of microorganisms were identified, including Candida sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter, microorganisms with pathogenic potential when found in the oral cavity. Conclusion: The patient's clinical factors such as the high rate of oral hygiene, the presence of infectious foci and dryness of the mucous membranes associated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity show the importance of oral hygiene in intensive care units, so that with the reduction of biofilm the quantity and pathogenicity of these microorganisms is reduced. Reducing the occurrence of nosocomial infections, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia, which can consequently lead to longer hospital stays.
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